viernes, 4 de mayo de 2007
¿Por qué chocamos los vasos o copas?
1. LA TEORIA MAQUIAVELICA:
Según reza el saber popular, en el medioevo se usaba chocar los tachos con suma fuerza para permitir el tránsito de los líquidos de un tacho al otro. Mediante lo anterior los bebedores podían asegurarse que el contenido de sus copas no se encontrara envenenado y así evitaran una muerte segura, o al menos, la compartieran con su compañero de bebida.
2. LA TEORIA SENSITIVA:
Otros afirman que la única finalidad al hacer chocar las copas dice relación con hacer partícipe de la actividad al único de los sentidos que no tendría participación directa en el acto de beber, a saber, el oído. De esta manera, el sabor, el tacto, el olfato, la vista y el oído gozarían todos al unísono del place del beber.
3. LA TEORIA ARRIVISTA:
Una última teoría dice relación con que en alguna época tener copas de cristal era símbolo inequívoco de clase y riqueza. Por lo anterior, es que las gentes al ser invitadas a beber y chocar sus copas podían adecuada y rápidamente distinguir con el solo tintinear de las copas si estas eran de cristal o de vidrio, y de esa forma desenmascarar a aquellos que querían parecer ricos y con clase de los pura y simplemente arrivistas.
Dejo al lector la opción que más le guste, por mi parte ninguna de las teorías me termina por convencer. Por ello el desafío es a crear una teoría nueva como ser:
4. TEORÍA DE LA GARANTÍA
Al tratarse el cristal de un elemento valioso y escaso, los pocos fabricantes de artículos de este material garantizaban que sus creaciones y productos eran de la mejor naturaleza y durabilidad. En consecuencia, junto con vender y entregar sus productos, garantizaban a sus compradores a mantener en permanente estado de revisión sus productos, y para ello los invitaban a que siempre chocaran sus copas. De esa manera, y como estaban seguros de la perfección de sus productos, garntizaban a sus compradores la durabilidad y fortaleza de los mismos y que en caso de desperfecto responderían por el reemplazo de los mismos. De esa manera, los productores se verían beneficiados por un aumento de sus ingresos por conceptos de ventas, mayor credibilidad en el mercado y singular respeto entre sus pares.
miércoles, 2 de mayo de 2007
Discurso de Steve Jobs en Stanford, Junio 12 de 2005
Text of Steve Jobs' Commencement address (2005)
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
lunes, 30 de abril de 2007
2° Episodio: el terremoto
Hasta el miércoles pasado mi vida se venía remeciendo lenta y cadenciosamente, como una serie de temblores prontos a desencadenar un terremoto.
El divorcio de mis padres ha desencadenado en mi una serie de sensaciones difíciles de describir, me ha tomado más grande, más crecido, pero me ha golpeado igual. La gran diferencia con la ruptura de mis padres de hace 9 años atrás es que en ésa época comezaba a terminar mis estudios, no existía ley de divorcio, Chile seguía creciendo al 7% anual, estábamos en el segundo gobierno del PPD con Eduardo Frei viajando con la Martita y las niñitas a todo aquel lugar en el que existiera una pista de aterrizaje, una época en que nadie vislumbraba aún la crisis asiática, en que la gente comenzaba a ser alertada del virus del año 2000, un mundo que susurraba al oído el peligro inminente del lanzamiento de un misil nuclear por culpa del nuevo milenio, una época en que me daban mesada y por mi cabeza aún no cruzaba la idea de ni siquiera tener que vivir casado, fuera de casa, haciéndome cargo de mi vida ni de la de aquellos que me rodeaban.
Así las cosas, hoy ya llevo casado casi 6 años, llevo trabajando con mi amigo Gabriel 7 años, tengo dos lindos hijos y una señora alucinante, hice un máster en Inglaterra y aprendí a enfrentar el mundo de un modo que jamás vislumbré, tengo amigos en muchas partes del mundo, tengo mucho que hacer pero poco tiempo.
Pero bueno, como les iba contando, con la muerte del papá de mi amigo Fernando vi como me pasaba la cuenta mis últimas semanas con mi padre, y así las cosas, me detuve a pensar cómo me estaba comportando con él y con mi madre, cómo los estaba tratando y cómo me estaba haciendo cargo de mi relación con cada uno de ellos.
Mi padre es un hombre locuaz, carismático, llevado de sus ideas, para algunos un maestro, para otros un enigma, para muchos un loco, pero para mi es mi padre, y así las cosas, cuando iba camino a tomar la micro agarré el teléfono y lo llamé:
- ¿papá?
- Iñaki querido
- ¿cómo estás?
- Bien, ¿y tú?
- Bien también.
- ¿qué necesitas?
- Nada, tan solo saber cómo estás.
- Bien, mucho mejor, pero ¿necesitas algo?
- No papá, tan solo contarte que en la madrugada se murió el papá de Fernando y tuve la suerte de acompañarlo y pegarme con un palo en la cabeza que necesitaba saber cómo estás y decirte que te quiero mucho.
- Ahhhh - silencio- qué triste.
- Sí que fue triste, porque fue inesperado, pero ...
- Así es la vida no más.
- Es verdad, así es la vida papá. En fin, solo te llamaba para saber cómo estabas y decirte que la muerte del papá de Fernando me tiró las orejas y me hizo reaccionar.
- Qué bueno que me llames para esto.
- Ya papá, un beso grande, te quiero mucho.
- Yo también te quiero.
- Hablamos papá.
- Ya Iñaki, besos para ti.
¿Dónde estaba el epicentro de este terremoto? ¿qué escala le aplico: la de richter o la mercalli? No lo sé, no soy terremotólogo, pero sí sé que Dios actúa en formas misteriosas, y una vez más me ha puesto en el camino para reecontrarme con mis padres.
Las locuras del mundo
Mi hermano Juan se fue a Bali contratado para montar un pequeño reinado de venta de licores y cervezas y vinos y todo lo que se pueda asociar al arte del beber, y a su haber existen muchos funcionarios balineses, linda gente que de inglés saben menos que tarzán pero que con un solo gesto son capaces de entender cómo funciona el cosmos.
Hoy es 1 de mayo, se celebra el día del trabajo, aunque más bien se trata de una celebración por la muerte de un grupo de trabajadores en la ciudad de Chicago (nota: quizás por eso en Chile nos guste celebrar las derrotas en vez de los triunfos, e.g., el 21 de mayo, la batalla de la concepción, el 11 de septiembre).
Mi hermano Juan vive en un mundo que incluso ha olvidado esta sacrosanta celebración de occidente, y chateando con él me lo he encontrado en su oficina, bebiendo té y matando el hambre con trabajo, sí, con trabajo, no le han dado descanso.
Mi hermano no es balinés, mi hermano es occidental, su empresa es de un occidental, venden productos occidentales, usan autos del gusto de los occidentales, compra en supermercados para occidentales o ex-pat (ex patriados), su señora es occidental, su hija es occidental, ergo, todo lo de él es occidental, pero vive en un país de locos, mezcla de musulmán y muchas otras cosas, una locura en este mundo civilizado.
No obstante que en su actual país de residencia no se celebre esta fecha, tiene el gran beneficio y placer de celebrar 40 días al año de fiestas religiosas (lean su columna al respecto en www.warungbali.blogspot.com) y al momento de firmar su contrato debió optar por una religión. En fin, en un día tan importante como este, el que ha sido capaz incluso de derrotar el capitalismo asérrimo impuesto en nuestro Chile querido desde el año 1973, en Bali no existe, y quizás eso demuestre cuán loco es este mundo, cuando larga y redonda es la vuelta que debemos dar para poder tener una breve idea de lo que se teje por doquier, quizás sea esta la lección, la mejor lección de este 1 de Mayo, un merecido tributo al trabajo y al esfuerzo, al sacrificio y la lealtad, a la dedicación y la abdicación por un fin superior, al hombre y su entorno.
AFORISMO
¿pero qué pasa cuando te piden que algo fue para ayer?
¿qué pasa si se trata de una emergencia?
¿qué pasa si te pillan descuidado?
¿qué pasa si te exigen decir si o no, sin pensarlo?
¿qué pasa con aquellas personas temerarias?
¿qué sería de los desafiantes y de los locos furiosos?
El aforismo debería decir:
Da lo mismo que hagas las cosas con tiempo, siempre habrá un ser humano que hará que de todos modos el tiempo se vengue de ti ...
Aquellos malos dias
Son aquellos malos dias que recién empiezan, que hasta ahora no deparan nada bueno, que me agotan al pensar que más problemas ocurrirán y que el descanso del fin de semana no sirvió de nada.
Por la cresta, dan ganas de salir corriendo, de desentenderse, de encerrarse en la casa, apagar y descolgar teléfonos, hacerse un buen café, aprovisionarse de cigarros y un cenicero y echarse a leer, que nadie interrumpa, que el silencio solo sea perturbado por una agradable música.
En fin, mi mujer ya me decía anoche que hoy no debería haber venido a trabajar - maldita la hora en que no le hice caso, al menos me hubiera ganado 2 días de descanso.
sábado, 28 de abril de 2007
las cajas del Transantiago
5 filas, de 10 personas cada una, nadie habla, nadie se mira, nadie reclama, "mansas ovejas camino al tren que las llevará a sus casas", me repito una y otra vez, como si fuera el lobo feróz.
Miro a mi alrededor, como autómatas los usuarios van ocupando su terreno, no saludan a la cajera, ella no los saludo a ellos tampoco, tiran la tarjeta y la plata por debajo de la ventanilla, la funcionaria carga la tarjeta, les imprime el comprobante, les devuelve todas las cosas a los usuarios. Ellos no dan las gracias ni se despiden, ella tampoco.
"Yo voy a hacer la diferencia" me digo a mi mismo. "¡Ya verán cómo se debe tratar al personal que les cobra y recibe el dinero!, ¡tropa de despiadados consumidores de transporte, gente exigente y tacaña y mal educada!"
- "Buenas tardes" digo con una gran sonrisa
- Silencio y seriedad absoluta al otro lado
- "Buenas tardes", repito, esta vez con una gran sonrisa.
- Nada al otro lado del vidrio.
- "Póngale 10 lucas", entrego la tarjeta y el billete azul
- Silencio al otro lado del vidrio. Solo mi billete genera algo de movimiento en los ojos de la cajera, lo toma y lo pone a la luz para revisarlo. "Es de verdad, totona", me digo. Lo deja sobre el mesón y cursa la operación. Mi tarjeta marca 10.280 pesos.
- "Muchas gracias" le digo a la cajera.
- Silencio nuevamente.
Me doy media vuelta y me largo del lugar, y pienso: dado que hay que hacer filas para pagar y eperar un buen par de minutos para que nos atiendan, deberíamos montar una campaña de educación de modales, con música y mensajes subliminales que te digan "sonríe, saluda, da las gracias, despídete", como un ritual; y también deberíamos poner en las ventanillas esos carteles que en ciertos lugares el dueño del mismo te informa: "sonríe, te estamos grabando".
"Cuán agradable serían las colas del Transantiago", me voy pensando mientras la escalera mecánica me devuelve al fragor de la ciudad.